Este texto se propõe perspectivar a agência humana no entorno do ato de grafar, ou seja, trata das relações e suas tensões entre as percepções do real e de sua inscrição no tempo-espaço, com ênfase à escrita. Dimensiona essa questão circunscrevendo certa noção de um corpo em jogo no mundo, no qual nota e anota o que percebe, via uma Poética da Notação Esquizográfica. Passa, por conseguinte, a perspectivar tal noção de corpo a partir da ideia de um indivíduo que, (...) em Deleuze, é colocada em questão nos termos de um eu passível, ou um ante-eu, como condição para determinações diferenciais dos e nos encontros: sob esse ante-eu, todavia, se impõe um Eu pessoal. Um corpo é, então, considerado como composto por singularidades em movimentos contínuos, variações nas quais irrompem individuações – individualidades dotadas de forças pré-individuais inerentes aos corpos. O problema é colocado a partir da ideia, presente em Barthes, de que uma logosfera nos envolve, e que precisamos, portanto, sacudi-la, pois se trata de um dado do nosso sujeito centrado: pôr em jogo, assim, o que, em nossa individualidade, constitui o Eu pessoal, que condiciona os movimentos da representação, via recognição. Com efeito, é um jogo com a linguagem, tomando-a, com Deleuze e Guattari, como incorpóreos que se expressam dos corpos. Trata-se de ponderar que o mundo, após pensado, só pode ser perspectivado nesses termos, com o pensamento e a linguagem. Destarte, o jogo que propomos – e seus efeitos sobre a educação –é condicionado, com Baudrillard, por uma impostura radical, que passa a lidar com o real, via certa Poética da Notação Esquizográfica. Palavras-chave: Poética. Jogo. Corpo. Pensamento. Linguagem. (shrink)

Morphological EvoDevo is a field of biological inquiry in which explicit relations between evolutionary patterns and growth or morphogenetic processes are made. Historically, morphological EvoDevo results from the coming together of several traditions, notably Naturphilosophie, embryology, the study of heterochrony, and developmental constraints. A special feature binding different approaches to morphological EvoDevo is the use of formalisms and mathematical models. Here we will introduce anatomical network analysis, a new approach centered on connectivity patterns formed by anatomical parts, with its own (...) concepts and tools specifically designed for the study of morphological EvoDevo questions. Riedl’s concept of burden is tightly related to the use of anatomical networks, providing a nexus between the evolutionary patterns and the structural constraints that shape them. (shrink)

The theory of Punctuated Equilibria challenges the neo‐Darwinian tenet that evolution is a uniform process. Recently, an article by Hunt1 has found that directional change during the evolution of a lineage is relatively small (occurring only in 5% of 250 analyzed traits). Of those traits that were shown to follow a trend, size was more likely to show gradual changes, whereas shape changes were more random. Here, we provide a short view of the nature of evolutionary trends, showing that directional (...) change within lineages and among clades provides valuable evolutionary information about the processes involved in their generation. BioEssays 30:521–525, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

O autor da coletânea de ensaios, Andrew Feenberg, nasceu em Nova York, nos Estados Unidos, em 1943. Filho de um proeminente físico teórico esteve desde muito cedo em contato com a ciência, com cientistas e com os aparatos técnicos por eles utilizados. Os seus interesses nas áreas de humanidades levaram-no a trilhar a formação em filosofia. Graduou-se na Universidade de John Hopkins em 1965, obteve o título de mestre em 1967 na Universidade da Califórnia em San Diego. Mudou-se para (...) a França nos anos seguintes, que, segundo ele mesmo, foi um período que marcou para sempre sua vida e a sua compreensão do fenômeno técnico e da ligação entre tecnologia e sociedade. Feenberg volta aos Estados Unidos e obtém o título de doutor em 1973, sob orientação de Herbert Marcuse, um dos grandes nomes da nova esquerda até então e um dos grandes pensadores do Século XX. Feenberg trabalhou como professor na Universidade Estadual de San Diego de 1969 a 2003. Em seguida mudouse para Vancouver, Canadá, assumindo a posição de professor na Universidade Simon Fraser e a cátedra em filosofia da tecnologia, posição que ocupa até hoje. A interação de Feenberg com o público de língua portuguesa tem se dado por meio da participação dele, dentre outras coisas, em eventos realizados no Brasil, como no “Fórum Social Mundial”, a “Conferência Internacional da Rede de Tecnologia Social” e o “Colóquio sobre a filosofia da tecnologia de Andrew Feenberg: democracia, racionalidade e invenção”. (shrink)

Putnam and others have argued that semantic externalism extends to artifactual kind words such as “pencil” or “doorstop”. I first show that, even with natural kinds, externalism applies to words for ground level kinds. The issue then arises of which categories of artifacts should be identified as kinds in the relevant, restricted sense. I argue that, though there are natural taxonomies of artifactual categories at least some of which have well-defined ground levels, even words for such kinds do not appear (...) to have externalist semantics, as they do not support ignorance or error arguments. Some think that membership to any kind is determined by objective features. Against this, I argue that the makers’ productive intentions are often crucial in selecting which pattern of features counts as constitutive of a kind. Though externalists may insist that membership to a kind is ultimately determined by sharing objective features, the resulting version of externalism can hardly be distinguished from internalism. (shrink)

Different notions of analysis have been both theorized and put to use in early analytic philosophy. Two of them stand out: connective analysis and analysis as paraphrase. The latter played a central role in the development of analytic philosophy from Frege to Quine and beyond. With the advent of formal semantics of natural language in the 1970s, paraphrase came to be characterizable as translation into a formal “target language”. While I claim that the method cannot achieve its original philosophical aims, (...) I insist that, in spite of them, it is far from being a theoretically empty operation and that it lives on in some contemporary philosophical enterprises. (shrink)

Recognizing and aligning individuals’ unique adaptive beliefs or “priors” through cooperative communication is critical to establishing a therapeutic relationship and alliance. Using active inference, we present an empirical integrative account of the biobehavioral mechanisms that underwrite therapeutic relationships. A significant mode of establishing cooperative alliances—and potential synchrony relationships—is through ostensive cues generated by repetitive coupling during dynamic touch. Established models speak to the unique role of affectionate touch in developing communication, interpersonal interactions, and a wide variety of therapeutic benefits for (...) patients of all ages; both neurophysiologically and behaviorally. The purpose of this article is to argue for the importance of therapeutic touch in establishing a therapeutic alliance and, ultimately, synchrony between practitioner and patient. We briefly overview the importance and role of therapeutic alliance in prosocial and clinical interactions. We then discuss how cooperative communication and mental state alignment—in intentional communication—are accomplished using active inference. We argue that alignment through active inference facilitates synchrony and communication. The ensuing account is extended to include the role of tactile afferents in realizing the beneficial effect of therapeutic synchrony. We conclude by proposing a method for synchronizing the effects of touch using the concept of active inference. (shrink)

Christ as symbol in Kant¿s religion -- Hegel's conception of God -- The reality of religion in Hegel's idealist metaphysics -- Hegel's version of the ontological argument for the existence of God -- The trinity and the I -- The death of God and recognition of the self -- Beyond subjectivism -- The relevance of Hegel's philosophy of religion today.

There are two prevalent accounts of semantic normativity: the prescriptive account, which can be found in some of Wittgenstein’s remarks, and the regularity account, which may have been Sellars’s view and is nowadays defended by some antinormativists. On the former account, meanings are norms that govern the use of words; on the latter, they are regularities of use which, in themselves, do not engender any prescriptions. I argue that only the prescriptive view can account for certain platitudes about meaning, which (...) motivate the very idea of semantic normativity. After some preliminary clarifications about the form that alleged semantic norms should take in order to be prima facie plausible, I argue—against some antinormativists—that whatever normativity is involved in the meaning of words cannot be brought back to a general norm of truth as distinct from specifically semantic norms, for semantic norms already involve a norm of truth. Next, I examine what I take to be the strongest objection to semantic normativity, namely the identification of meaning with use: as use is just a bunch of facts, it cannot be attributed any normative import. Nowadays, this view has been defended by Paul Horwich. After criticizing Horwich’s claim that meaning, though not normative in itself, has unmediated normative implications, I propose a different view of the relation between use and meaning, on which meaning is not quite identical with use but is grounded on use. I propose as a model the idea of a hyperconformist social system: a system in which customs, and only customs, generate norms. I suggest that language is such a system, and describe two reasons why it is plausible for language to work like that. Finally, I analyze statements of meaning on the model of Ruth Millikan “pushmi-pullyu” representations, i.e. as having both descriptive and normative import. I point out that, however, there are exceptions to meaning’s being grounded on use, as there are cases in which semantic norms are dictated by authorities of several kinds. Lastly, I briefly discuss the suggestion that meaning supervenes on use, showing that, aside from its inherent difficulties, it does not explain why meaning would supervene on use. (shrink)

The Art of Power offers up a challenge to traditional political theory. Diego A. von Vacano provides original interpretations of Machiavelli's oeuvre and of Nietzsche's relationship to politics.

The unprecedented outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa has raised several novel ethical issues for global outbreak preparedness. It has also illustrated that familiar ethical issues in infectious disease management endure despite considerable efforts to understand and mitigate such issues in the wake of past outbreaks. To improve future global outbreak preparedness and response, we must examine these shortcomings and reflect upon the current state of ethical preparedness. To this end, we focus our efforts in this article on (...) the examination of one substantial area: ethical guidance in pandemic plans. We argue that, due in part to their focus on considerations arising specifically in relation to pandemics of influenza origin, pandemic plans and their existing ethical guidance are ill-equipped to anticipate and facilitate the navigation of unique ethical challenges that may arise in other infectious disease pandemics. We proceed by outlining three reasons why this is so, and situate our analysis in the context of the EVD outbreak and the threat posed by drug-resistant tuberculosis: different infectious diseases have distinct characteristics that challenge anticipated or existing modes of pandemic prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery, clear, transparent, context-specific ethical reasoning and justification within current influenza pandemic plans are lacking, and current plans neglect the context of how other significant pandemics may manifest. We conclude the article with several options for reflecting upon and ultimately addressing ethical issues that may emerge with different infectious disease pandemics. (shrink)

In diesem Band deckt Diego D'Angelo semiotische Strukturen in der Husserl’schen Phänomenologie der Wahrnehmung auf. Ist es der Phänomenologie darum zu tun, die Erfahrung von Dingen in unserer Umwelt zu beschreiben, so ist dabei der Begriff des Horizontes von zentraler Bedeutung: Was wir unmittelbar wahrnehmen, verweist immer schon auf anderes, was nur „mitgegeben“ ist. Wenn wir Dinge wahrnehmen, haben wir nur eine bestimmte Perspektive, d.h. wir sehen lediglich einen Aspekt. Aber wir nehmen immer ganze Gegenstände wahr (wir sehen Tische (...) und Stühle und andere Menschen). Jeder dieser Gegenstände erscheint in einem Feld weiterer Gegenstände, und es ist der Horizontbegriff, der es erlaubt, das Verhältnis zwischen Selbstgegebenheit und Mitgegebenheit zu explizieren. Dieses Buch stellt den ersten detaillierten Versuch dar, die Ursprünge solcher horizontaler Felder in semiotischen Strukturen zu suchen. Aus der Verbindung zwischen Husserls eigener Semiotik und seiner Phänomenologie der Wahrnehmung ergibt sich, dass das wahrgenommene Phänomen als Zeichen verstanden werden muss. Das Zeichen wiederum bezeichnet etwas, was in leiblicher Bewegung eingeholt werden kann. Mit der Verbindung von Leiblichkeit, Semiotik und Wahrnehmung thematisiert diese Monographie das Verhältnis zwischen folgenden phänomenologischen Forschungsgebieten: • Husserls Semiotik der Wahrnehmung in den Logischen Untersuchungen • Phänomenologische Raumanalyse – kinästhetische Indikation • Horizont und Noema • Passive Anzeige • Zeichen und Leiblichkeit als Grundlagen der Fremderfahrung • Genetische Phänomenologie und Semiotik der Erfahrung • Protentionen und teleologische Semiose • Induktion und Ursprung des menschlichen Ichs Das Buch eröffnet die Möglichkeit, Husserls Phänomenologie jenseits einer Metaphysik der Präsenz zu verstehen. Zudem leisten D'Angelos Einzeluntersuchungen einen Beitrag zu aktuellen Diskussionen in der Philosophie der leiblichen Kognition. – Eine hilfreiche Leseempfehlung für • Interessierte Themenneulinge • Bachelor- und Masterstudenten der Geisteswissenschaften • Hochschulabsolventen sowie Forschungswissenschaftler. (shrink)

We study the possible values of the cofinality invariant for various Borel ideals on the natural numbers. We introduce the notions of a fragmented and gradually fragmented ideal and prove a dichotomy for fragmented ideals. We show that every gradually fragmented ideal has cofinality consistently strictly smaller than the cardinal invariant and produce a model where there are uncountably many pairwise distinct cofinalities of gradually fragmented ideals.

Understanding evolution beyond a gene-centered vision is a fertile ground for new questions and approaches. However, in this systemic perspective, we take issue with the necessity of the concept of information. Through the example of brain and language evolution, we propose the autonomous systems theory as a more biologically relevant framework for the evolutionary perspective offered by Jablonka & Lamb (J&L).

The development of neuropsychological assessment methods using virtual reality (VR) is a valid and promising option for the detection of cognitive impairment in the older people, focusing on activities composed of tasks of multiple demands. This study verified the association of age, schooling, and general cognitive status on the performance of neurologically healthy older adults in ECO-VR, a virtual reality task of multiple demands for neuropsychological assessment. A total of 111 older adults answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini Mental State (...) Examination, the Vocabulary subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults (third edition), and the ECO-VR. Correlation analyses, multiple linear regression, and comparisons between groups (effects by age and schooling groups) were used to evaluate the results. The ECO-VR total score was significantly associated with age, years of education, MMSE, and Vocabulary subtest. The linear regression models identified that age was the main predictor for total score and rule breaking of ECO-VR. According to the univariate analysis, it was identified the main effect of age group and schooling group in the total ECO-VR score, but there was no interaction effect. The results are discussed in order to understand the role of sociodemographic characteristics in the performance of older adults in a virtual reality task of multiple demands. It was also verified the possibility use of virtual reality for neuropsychological assessment of older adults. (shrink)

En este artículo evaluamos las fortalezas y limitaciones de dos enfoques que privilegian dimensiones materiales de la tecnología en sus respectivas teorías de la agencia técnica: la teoría ecológica de Tim Ingold y la teoría de la agencia material de Lambros Malafouris. Ambos autores rechazan la intencionalidad centralizada de enfoques clásicos a favor del externalismo, lo cual los lleva a sostener que los affordances ecológicos y materiales son los principales impulsores de la acción y los determinantes de la forma final (...) de los artefactos. Aquí argumentamos que estos enfoques tienen dificultades significativas para dar cuenta de algunas de las características claves de la agencia técnica ampliamente reconocidas en los debates en la filosofía de la tecnología, a saber, de sus aspectos normativos y teleológicos. (shrink)

On this paper, we intend to make a psychological description of Creon as presented in Antigone, Sophocles tragedy. First, we will make a general description of the narcissistic personalities, based on the descriptions that the DSM-V and some authors make of this personality disorder. Then we will show that Creon’s case corresponds to this psychological description and intend to study the cause of his behavior. Finally, we will answer possible objections that could be made to the fact that we are (...) applying psychological categories to the Greek tragedy. Based on Kierkegaard’s description of the Greek tragedy, we will show that it cannot be understood on purely moral terms and how psychoanalysis allows us to rescue the tragic character of Creon. (shrink)

O envelhecimento populacional é uma preocupação mundial e exige medidas de prevenção de saúde a serem adotadas com a maior brevidade possível. Esse processo é, muitas vezes, acompanhado pelo declínio das habilidades cognitivas, como a memória e as funções executivas. O objetivo do presente estudo é ..

It is always possible to construct a real function φ, given random quantities X and Y with continuous distribution functions F and G, respectively, in such a way that φ(X) and φ(Y), also random quantities, have both the same distribution function, say H. This result of De Finetti introduces an alternative way to somehow describe the `opinion' of a group of experts about a continuous random quantity by the construction of Fields of coincidence of opinions (FCO). A Field of coincidence (...) of opinions is a finite union of intervals where the opinions of the experts coincide with respect to that quantity of interest. We speculate on (dis)advantages of Fields of Opinion compared to usual `probability' measures of a group and on their relation with a continuous version of the well-known Allais' paradox. (shrink)

Organizational legitimacy is an important resource, which provides access to other resources. As such, it impacts the survival chances of organizations. In this study, we examine the individual judgments of the owner-managers of small-and-medium size enterprises (SMEs) of the legitimacy of their own enterprise as well as their perception of the legitimacy evaluations of relevant stakeholders. This research is based on interviews with owner-managers of SMEs located in the Lorraine region of France. The results show that when legitimacy is perceived (...) as acquired, their judgments are based on instrumental, relational and moral evaluations, whereas when legitimacy is perceived as being deferred, judgement is based on mainly instrumental evaluations and when they report not being in position to judge their own legitimacy, their judgements are based on moral evaluations. In addition, the legitimacy judgements employed are associated with the different types of legitimacy sought by the SME owner-managers. Moreover, they perceive the validity cues coming from clients and employees as the most important sources of legitimacy. Other stakeholders are accorded secondary importance in granting legitimacy. (shrink)

Rerum Novarum is a unique case of an encyclical, for we know in great detail how it was drafted and written. If we connect this knowledge to the fact that Matteo Liberatore - the main thinker who collaborated to its writing - wrote a treatise on the Principles of Political Economy, we can analyse how economic thought and moral theology are intertwined in the work of Liberatore. Similarly, the study of the economic thought of Liberatore can help us understand two (...) important questions of Rerum Novarum, namely, private property and the question of a just wage. (shrink)

El revisionismo austríaco discutió la tesis de la historiografía económica clásica en torno a una supuesta incomprensión escolástica del mercado fundada en el “justo precio” y en la concepción aristotélica del valor, y vio en dicha concepción la raíz de la teoría subjetiva del valor sostenida por la primera generación de austríacos. Aquí mostramos, sin embargo, que los principales revisionistas austríacos realizaron una interpretación sesgada de la distinción entre valor de uso y valor de cambio en Aristóteles, e indicamos las (...) claves esenciales en torno a las cuales debería girar la recuperación de la auténtica dimensión del valor económico en Aristóteles. (shrink)

The enactive approach to cognition and the phenomenological tradition have in common a wide conception of ‘intentionality’. Within these frameworks, intentionality is understood as a general openness to the world. For classical phenomenologists, the most basic subjective structure that allows for such openness is time-consciousness. Some enactivists, while inspired by the phenomenological tradition, have nevertheless argued that affectivity is more basic, being that which gives rise to the temporal flow of consciousness. In this paper, I assess the relationship between temporality (...) and affectivity from both a phenomenological and an enactive perspective. I argue that, as opposed to the classical phenomenological view (which favours temporality), and to the enactive view (which favours affectivity), we must take affectivity and temporality as co-emergent. Jointly, affectivity and temporality constitute the basic structures of intentionality. Additionally, using examples from phenomenological psychopathology, I conclude that all intentionality is defined by an anticipatory and affective structure that gives rise to general feelings related to our bodily possibilities in the world. (shrink)

Me enfoco aquí en los principales contraargumentos que han sido erigidos en contra de una tesis que postulé en mi artículo “Nietzsche, the Overhuman, and the Transhumanims” (2009a), según la cual se pueden encontrar similitudes significativas en un nivel fundamental entre el concepto de posthumano, tal como es sostenido por algunos transhumanistas, y el concepto de Nietzsche de sobrehumano. Los artículos con los contraargumentos fueron publicados en el reciente apartado de la Journal of Evolution and Technology “Nietzsche and European Posthumanisms” (...) (junio-julio 2010). Como varios comentadores se han referido a problemas idénticos, he decidido que no sería apropiado responder a cada artículo individualmente, sino enfocarme en los argumentos centrales y lidiar con los contraargumentos mencionados en las diferentes réplicas. Me ocupo de cada tópico en una sección separada. Las secciones se titulan como sigue: 1. Tecnología y evolución; 2. Superando el nihilismo; 3. Política y liberalismo; 4. ¿Utilitarismo o ética virtuosa?; 5. La vida buena; 6. Creatividad y voluntad de poder; 7. Inmortalidad y longevidad; 8. Logocentrismo; 9. El tercer Reich. Cuando me ocupo con cada tópico, no sólo estoy respondiendo a los contraargumentos; también erijo interrogantes concernientes al transhumanismo y postulo mis propios puntos de vista en relación con algunas de las interrogantes con las que estoy lidiando. (shrink)

En general, la tradición ha interpretado la filosofía platónica como una filosofía dualista a propósito de la existencia de dos mundos. Parto de aceptar esta interpretación de la filosofía platónica con especto a los diálogos de madurez, resaltando algunas caracte rísticas del dualismo, el cual resulta de la teoría de las Formas. Posteriormente, pongo en tela de juicio dicha teoría a partir de los argumentos encontrados en el Parménides. Estos sugieren un rechazo por parte de Platón a la teoría de (...) las Formas y al dualismo que esta supone, lo cual podría desembocar un monismo en los diálogos tardíos. Por último, me enfocaré en algunas secciones del Timeo, argumentando que en este, a partir de una reformulación de su filosofía, Platón logra superar las críticas propuestas en el arménidessin dejar de lado una postura dualista. Expondré cómo el dualismo del Timeorechaza dos de las características esenciales de la teoría de las Formas de los diálogos de madurez: la multiplicidad de Formas y el concepto de ‘participación’. Esto introduciendo a un ser viviente, inteligible y unitario; y la relación, a través de la χώρα, de dicho ser con un universo sensible generado. (shrink)

Resumo O propósito deste artigo é mostrar a contribuição de Nietzsche à revolução nas práticas da encenação que ocorreram no Século XX, bem como sua relevância como crítico apaixonado pelo potencial de uma forma de arte que ele sentia que era interpretada em sua época de forma diminuída. A partir de seu estudo do teatro grego na obraO nascimento da tragédia, sublinha a importância da encenação na tragédia antiga, a qual estava para além do texto escrito por seu autor. Oferece (...) com isso uma análise da ideia de teatro como arte, a qual é consubstancial realizar-se em três dimensões: a do ator, a do poeta ou escritor do texto e a do espectador. Nietzsche defende a especificidade desses três papéis para toda realização teatral e o sentido filosófico que tem o teatro como autêntica forma artística. Conclui-se o artigo mostrando a recepção do pensamento teatral de Nietzsche em autores como August Strindberg, George Bernard Shaw e Eugene O'Neill, que buscarão novas formas e novos significados para sua arte.The purpose of this article is to show the contribution of Nietzsche to the revolution in the practices of the scenario that takes place in the 20th century, as well as its relevance as a passionate critic for the potential of an art form that he felt was interpreted in his time in a diminished way. From his study of Greek theater in his workThe Birth of Tragedy,he underlines the importance that in the ancient tragedy had its staging, and that went beyond the text written by its author. It offers therefore an analysis of the idea of theater as art, which is consubstantial in three dimensions: the actor, the poet or writer of the text and the viewer. Nietzsche defends the specificity of these three roles for every theatrical enterprise and the philosophical sense that theater has as an authentic artistic form. The article concludes by showing the acceptance of Nietzsche's theatrical thought in authors such as August Strindberg, George Bernard Shaw or Eugene O'Neill, who sought new forms and new meanings for their art. (shrink)

Resumo:o artigo analisa a recepção do pensamento de Nietzsche na Espanha nos últimos quarenta anos, mostrando as muitas vertentes pelas quais a obra do filósofo foi lida e as muitas influências que ela exerceu, como na política, na estética e nas artes. Num primeiro momento, a análise apresenta muitos autores que leram Nietzsche e mostra como a cada momento as ideias do filósofo eram invocadas em busca de renovação, sejam elas morais, estéticas ou políticas. Num segundo momento, traz à luz (...) os estudos acadêmicos e a diversidade de temas da filosofia nietzschiana neles abordados.:The article analyses the reception of Nietzsche's thought in Spain in the last forty years, showing the several ways by which the philosopher's work was read and the many influences that he carried out, such as in politics, in aesthetics and in the arts. In a first moment, the analysis presents many authors that read Nietzsche and shows how in each moment the philosopher's ideas were invoked in search of renewal, whether moral, aesthetic or politic. In a second moment, it brings into light the academic studies and the diversity of subjects form the nietzschean philosophy considered in them. (shrink)

The aim of the paper is to clarify the theoretical core of Solger's thought, the foundation for his aesthetics. I first analyze Solger's dialectic of double negation. Secondly I focus on Solger's gnoseology, which is orientated toward grasping the equilibrium between the Infinite (God) and the finite (world) consisting in this double negation. Lastly I investigate the notion of sacrifice, connecting it with Solger's ironic dialectic and showing its relevance to a complete understanding of his thought.